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Chapters 16-18 Objectives

 

  1. Harriet Beecher Stowe
  1. Abolitionist/author
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. Wrote the book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
  1. William Lloyd Garrison
  1. Reformer
  2. 1831
  3. Boston
  4. Published “The Liberator,” an antislavery newspaper
  1. Denmark Vesey
  1. Free black
  2. 1877
  3. South Carolina
  4. Led a failed slave rebellion in Charleston
  1. Nat Turner
  1. Visionary black preacher
  2. 1831
  3. Virginia
  4. Led a revolt that resulted in the deaths of 60 Virginians
  1. Sojourner Truth
  1. Free black woman
  2. 1793-1860
  3. New York
  4. Fought for black emancipation and women’s rights
  1. Frederick Douglass
  1. Former slave/abolitionist
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. Was mobbed and beaten by northern rowdies several times
  1. Arthur & Lewis Tappan
  1. Wealthy & devout New York merchant brothers
  2. 1832
  3. Cincinnati, Ohio
  4. Paid for Weld’s tuition at Lane Theological Seminars
  1. Elijah P. Lovejoy
  1. Reverend/“The martyr abolitionist”
  2. 1837
  3. Alton, Illinois
  4. His printing press was destroyed 4 times and he was eventually killed by a mob
  1. John Tyler
  1. Virginia gentleman/“Tippecanoe”
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. The second President born after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and the first to assume the office of President following the death of his predecessor
  1. John Slidall
  1. Minister
  2. 1845
  3. Mexico City, Mexico
  4. Sent by Polk to Mexico Coty to offer them $25 million for California and territory eastward
  1. Winfield Scott
  1. General
  2. 1847
  3. Mexico City, Mexico
  4. Though he was handicapped in the Mexican Campaign, he still succeeded in battling his way up to Mexico City
  1. Zachary Taylor
  1. General/“Old Rough & Ready”
  2. 1847
  3. Buena Vista, Mexico
  4. Fought his way across the Rio Grande into Mexico and into Buena Vista
  1. James K. Polk
  1. Eleventh President of the United States
  2. 1845
  3. United States
  4. A Democrat, Polk served as Speaker of the House and Governor of Tennessee prior to becoming president
  1. David Wilmot
  1. Pennsylvania representative
  2. 1846
  3. Pennsylvania
  4. Introduced the amendment, stipulating that slavery should never exist in any of the territory to be wrestled from Mexico
  1. John C. Fremont
  1. Captain/explorer
  2. 1846
  3. California
  4. Collaborated with American naval officers and with the locals to overthrow Mexican rule of California
  1. Lewis Cass
  1. General/veteran of the War of 1812
  2. 1848
  3. Baltimore
  4. He was the nominee of the Democratic Party for president in 1848
  1. Stephen A. Douglas
  1. American politician from Illinois
  2. 1860
  3. United States
  4. One of the Democratic Party nominees for President in 1860
  1. Franklin Pierce
  1. Lawyer/politician
  2. 1852
  3. Baltimore
  4. 14th President of the United States
  1. John C. Calhoun
  1. A prominent United States politician
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. Calhoun served South Carolina in the United States Senate and also in the House of Representatives, and as Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and the seventh Vice President. His party affiliation was Democratic-Republican
  1. Martin Van Buren
  1. The eighth President of the United States
  2. 1862
  3. D United States
  4. The first President born after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the first of non-Anglo descent, and the only whose first language was not English
  1. Daniel Webster
  1. d Statesman/lawyer/orator
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. One of the most important figures in U.S. politics in the first half of the 19th century
  1. Matthew C. Perry
  1. Commodore of the US Navy
  2. 1813
  3. Lake Erie
  4. Forced the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854, under the threat of military force
  1. Harriet Tubman
  1. Illiterate runaway slave
  2. 1793-1860
  3. Maryland
  4. Helped more than 300 slaves escape on the Underground Railroad
  1. Wiliam Seward
  1. New York freshman senator
  2. 1850
  3. Capitol Hill
  4. United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson
  1. James Gadsden
  1. South Carolina railroad man
  2. 1853
  3. Mexico
  4. Negotiated a treaty with Mexico, which ceded the Gadsden Purchase area to the US for $10 million
  1. Henry Clay
  1. Whig presidential candidate
  2. 1844
  3. Baltimore
  4. He unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in 1824, 1832, and 1844
  1. Millard Fillmore
  1. Vice President/New York lawyer-politician
  2. 1850
  3. United States
  4. Succeeded President Taylor, then signed the Compromise of 1850
  1. Oligarchy
  1. Government by the few
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Abolitionism
  1. A political movement that sought to abolish slavery and the slave trade, started with The Enlightenment and became a large movement in several nations of the 19th century
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. “Positive good”
  1. What the South regarded slavery
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Joint resolution
  1. A type of legislative measure that requires passage by both chambers of the legislature, but does not require action by the governor
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Manifest Destiny
  1. The belief common in America in the early 1800s that it was the destiny or fate of the US to expand west to the Pacific Ocean
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Popular sovereignty
  1. Doctrine that stated that the sovereign people of a territory should determine that status of slavery
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Cotton Kingdom
  1. The cotton industry
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. The Liberator
  1. Antislavery newspaper
  2. 1831
  3. Boston
  4. Published by Garrison, expressing his strong antislavery views
  1. American Anti-Slavery Society
  1. Abolitionist society
  2. 1833
  3. United States
  4. Formed by Garrison’s followers
  1. Peculiar institution
  1. What the North called the institution of slavery
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Liberty Party
  1. A political party in the United States during the mid-19th century. The party was an early abolitionist supporter. It broke away from the American Anti-Slavery Society due to grievances with William Lloyd Garrison's leadership
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Fiscal bank
  1. When The Senate passed a bill, sponsored by the Whig party, to revive the 2nd National Bank creating a Federal Bank that would be called The Fiscal Bank of the United States
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  1. Webster-Ashburton treaty
  1. Compromise on the Maine boundary
  2. 1842
  3. United States
  4. Americans retained 7,000 sqmi/12,000 sqmi of wilderness, British got Halifax-Quebec route
  1. “Spot” resolutions
  1. Offered in the United States House of Representatives on December 22, 1847 by Abraham Lincoln, Whig representative from Illinois
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. The resolutions requested President James K. Polk to provide Congress with the exact location (the "spot") upon which blood was spilt on American soil, as Polk had claimed in 1846 when asking Congress to declare war on Mexico
  1. Tariff of 1842
  1. Black Tariff
  2. 1842
  3. United States
  4. A protectionist tariff schedule adopted in the United States to reverse the effects of the Compromise Tariff of 1833
  1. “Conscience” Whigs
  1. People who were heavily influenced by the abolitionism crusade and condemned slavery on moral grounds
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. They were one of the different groups that joined the Free Soil party, formed by Lewis Cass and Zachary Taylor, both ardent antislavery men in the North
  1. Hudson Bay company
  1. The oldest corporation in Canada
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. One of the oldest in the world still in existence. Its initials have often been farcically interpreted as "Here Before Christ"
  1. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
  1. Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War
  2. 1848
  3. United States
  4. Under the treaty, Mexico surrendered a vast tract of land to the United States for a sum of $15 million
  1. Californios
  1. A Spanish-speaking inhabitant
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. An inhabitant of New Spain's and, later Mexico's, Alta California, prior to its annexation by the United States after the Mexican-American War
  1. Wilmot Proviso
  1. First suggested in 1846 and attached to many bills but never passed
  2. 1846
  3. United States
  4. Would have outlawed slavery in any U.S. territory gained from the Mexican Cession following the recently begun Mexican-American War
  1. Walker Tariff
  1. Democrat-passed bill
  2. 1846
  3. United States
  4. Reversed the high rates of tariffs imposed by the Whig-backed "Black Tariff" of 1842 under president John Tyler
  1. Free Soil party
  1. Short-lived political party
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. Organized in 1848 that petered out by about 1852. Their main purpose was opposing the extension of slavery into the territories, as well as advocating the abolition of slavery itself
  1. Fugitive Slave Law
  1. A law passed by Congress in 1850
  2. 1850
  3. United States
  4. Passed mainly to compel people in the northern states to assist in the capture and return of runaway slaves. Southerners were angry that many people in northern states were helping escaped slaves avoid capture. The law was passed as part of a compromise that, among other things, abolished the slave trade, but not slavery itself, in Washington, DC
  1. Underground Railroad
  1. The network of people, routes, and safe houses that helped escaped slaves find their way to freedom in the decades before the Civil War
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. Whites and blacks in northern and southern states were involved in the effort, often at great risk. "Conductors” used wagons with false bottoms and other tricks to avoid detection. The final destination for the escaped slaves was usually a town or city in a free state, or even Canada.
  1. Compromise of 1850
  1. A series of measures whose object was the settlement of five questions in dispute between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States
  2. 1850
  3. United States
  4. Admitted California as a free state, specified that slavery would continue (though slave trade would not) in the District of Columbia, strengthened provisions for the capture of fugitive slaves, and kept the Federal government from interfering in interstate slave trade
  1. “Fire eaters”
  1. Proslavery extremists
  2. 1793-1860
  3. United States
  4. Demonstrated the high level of sectionalism existing in the US during the 1850s, and materially contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War
  1. Ostend Manifesto
  1. A private letter
  2. 1854
  3. United States
  4. A secret document written in 1854 by U.S. diplomats at Ostend, Belgium, describing a plan to acquire Cuba from Spain
  1. Kansas-Nebraska Act
  1. Act of Congress in 1854 organizing the remaining territory within the Louisiana Purchase for settlement before its admission to the Union
  2. 1854
  3. United States
  4. It was contrived by and passed by those legislators who favored the political standpoint of the use of popular sovereignty to decide if a territory would be open to slavery