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• [1998] ISS International Space Station (Alpha)

• [2020] Bigelow B 330 (USA)

• [2023] Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway (USA)

• [1978] Progress M (Russia)

• [2009] HTV H-II 'Kounotori' Transfer Vehicle (Japan)

• [2010] SpaceX Dragon (USA)

• [2013] Northrop Grumman Cygnus (USA)

• [2017] Tianzhou (China)

• [2021] Sierra Nevada Corp. Dream Chaser (USA)

• [2019] Boeing CST-100 Starliner (USA)

• [2019] SpaceX Crew Dragon (USA)

• [1999] Shenzhou (China)

• [2002] Soyuz TMA (Russia)

• [2019] Boeing CST-100 Starliner (USA)

• [2019] SpaceX Crew Dragon (USA)

• [2020] Lockheed Orion MPCV (Multi Purpose Crew Vehicle) (USA) +

• [2020] Orion Service Module (ESA)

• [2020] Blue Origin Orbital Space Vehicle (USA)

• [2020] SpaceX Starship (+ Super Heavy)

• [2021] Federation (Russia)

• [2025?]Sierra Nevada Corp. Dream Chaser (USA)

• [2025] Reaction Engines Skylon (with pax module) (UK)

• [2025] Stratolaunch Space Plane (USA)

• [2020] Lockheed Orion NASA MPCV (USA)

• [2020] SpaceX BFR Starship (USA)

• [2023] LOP-G (Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway) (USA)

• [2027] DST (Deep Space Transport) (USA)

• [2029] Federation (Russia)

• [2015] Blue Origin New Shepard Suborb. System (USA)

• [2019] Virgin SpaceShip Two (USA)

• [2019] Virgin SpaceShip Two (USA)

• [2019?] Copenhagen Suborbitals Spica (Denmark)

• [2010] X-37B (USA)

• [2021] Sierra Nevada Corp. Dream Chaser (USA)

• [2022] ESA Space Rider (Europe)

• [2025] Reaction Engines Skylon (UK)

• [1965] Proton (Russia)

• [1966] Soyuz (Russia)

• [1970] Long March (China)

• [1985] Zenit (Ukraine/Russia)

• [1988] Shavit (Israel)

• [1989] Delta II (USA)

• [1990] Pegasus XL (USA)

• [1993] PSLV Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (India)

• [1993] Start-1 (Russia)

• [1994] Minotaur-C (USA)

• [1995] Athena (USA)

• [1995] Volna (Russia)

• [1996] Ariane 5 (Europe)

• [1999] Dnepr (Ukraine)

• [2000] Minotaur I (USA)

• [2001] GSLV Geosynchrynous Sat. Launch Vehicle (India)

• [2001] H-IIA (Japan)

• [2002] Atlas V (USA)

• [2002] Delta IV (USA)

• [2003] Strela (Russia)

• [2004] Delta IV Heavy (USA)

• [2009] H-IIB (Japan)

• [2009] Naro-1 / KSLV (South Korea)

• [2010] Falcon 9 (USA)

• [2010] Minotaur IV (USA)

• [2012] Vega (Europe)

• [2013] Antares (USA)

• [2013] Epsilon (Japan)

• [2013] Minotaur V (USA)

• [2014] Angara (Russia)

• [2014] GSLV mark 3 (India)

• [2015] Super Strypi / SPARK (Spaceborne Payload Assist Rocket - Kauai) (USA)

• [2016] Long March 5 (China)

• [2016] Simorgh (Safir-2) (Iran)

• [2017] Falcon Heavy (USA)

• [2017] Rocket Lab Electron (New Zealand)

• [2018] OneSpace (China)

• [2020] LauncherOne (USA)

• [2020] Ariane 6 (Europe)

• [2020] Blue Origin New Glenn (USA)

• [2020] Cyclone-4M (Ukraine)

• [2020] DARPA XS-1 'Phantom Express' (USA)

• [2020] Firefly Space Systems Firefly Alpha & Beta (USA)

• [2020] H-III (Japan)

• [2020/2021] SLS Space Launch System (USA)

• [2021] Northrop Grumman OmegA (intermediate)

• [2021] Relativity Space Terran 1

• [2021] Rocket Crafters Intrepid (USA)

• [2021] SpaceX Super Heavy (BFR) (+Starship)

• [2021] ULA Vulcan (USA)

• [2022] Soyuz 5 (Russia)

• [2022] Stratolaunch MLV (USA)

• [2023] Stratolaunch MLV Heavy (USA)

• [2024] Northrop Grumman OmegA (heavy)

• [2025] Reaction Engines Skylon (UK)

• > EARTH ORBIT:

• [1990] HST (Hubble Space Telescope)

• [1992] Geotail magnetosphere studies

• [1999] Chandra X-Ray Observatory

• [1999] XMM-Newton X-ray space observatory

• [2000] Cluster II (Rumba,Salsa,Samba,Tango)

• [2002] INTEGRAL (INT. Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Lab.)

• [2002] Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager

• [2003] Coriolis military space & earth observation sat.

• [2003] MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of STars)

• [2004] Swift GRB mission

• [2006] Hinode X-ray telescope

• [2007] THEMIS, 5 auroral observatories

• [2008] Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

• [2008] IBEX (Interstellar Boundary Explorer)

• [2009] WISE / NEOWISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer)

• [2010] SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory)

• [2011] Spektr R / RadioAstron Space Radio Telescope

• [2012] NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) X-ray telescope

• [2013] Hisaki ultraviolet astronomy satellite

• [2013] IRIS (Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph) solar obs.

• [2013] NEOSSat (Near Earth Object Surveillance Sat.)

• [2015] Astrosat, Indian astronomy satellite

• [2015] DAMPE (Dark Matter Particle Explorer) 'Wukong'

• [2016] ASTRO-H (NeXT) 'Hitomi' New X-ray Telescope

• [2016] Arase (Expl. of Energization and Radiation in Geospace) 'Arase'

• [2017] HXMT (Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope)

• [2018] TESS Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

• [2019] CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanets Space telescope)

• [2019] Spektr-RG SXG X-ray & gamma ray observatory

• > MOON:

• [2007] ARTEMIS Sun-Moon interaction observations

• [2009] LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter)

• [2013] Chang'e 3 lander

• [2018] Chang'e 4

• > SUN - EARTH LAGRANGIAN POINTS:

• [1994] WIND solar wind observatory

• [1995] SOHO (Solar & Heliospheric Observatory)

• [1997] ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer)

• [2013] Gaia astrometry observatory

• [2015] DSCOVR (Deep Space Climate Observatory)

• [2018] Queqiao (Chang'e 4 relay satellite)

• > HELIOCENTRIC:

• [1978] ISEE-3 (reboot project)

• [2006] STEREO (2 Solar TErrestrial RElations Obs.)

• [2018] Parker Solar Probe

• [2020] Solar Orbiter

• > VENUS:

• [2010] Akatsuki orb. / Venus Climate Orb. (VCO) / Planet-C

• > MARS:

• [2001] Mars Odyssey orbiter

• [2003] Mars Express Orbiter

• [2005] MRO Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

• [2011] MSL 'Curiosity' (Mars Science Lab. rover 'Curiosity')

• [2013] Mars Orbiter Mission ('Mangalyaan')

• [2013] MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission)

• [2016] TGO (Trace Gas Orbiter)

• [2018] InSight stationary lander

• > ASTEROIDS & COMETS:

• [2014] Hayabusa 2 sample return mission

• [2016] OSIRIS-REx sample return mission

• > MERCURY:

• [2018] BepiColombo orbiters

• > JUPITER:

• [2011] Juno orbiter

• > SATURN:

• > PLUTO & KUIPER BELT:

• [2006] New Horizons fly-by probe

• > INTERSTELLAR:

• [1977] Voyager (1 & 2) Interstellar Mission 2 deep-space fly-by probes

• > EARTH ORBIT:

• [2021] IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer)

• [2021] Spektr-UV / WSO-UV (World Space Obs.-Ultraviolet)

• [2021] SMILE (Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)

• [2021] XARM (X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission)

• [2023] SPHEREx (Space Spectro-Photometer)

• > MOON:

• [2020] Chang'e 5

• [2020] TeamIndus (lander & rover)

• [2021] Astrobotic Perigrine lunar rover

• [2021] Lunar Flaslight (cubesat lunar orbiter)

• [2021] PTScientists (robotic lunar rovers)

• [2023/2024] Chang'e 6

• [2021] Moon Express MX-9 lunar lander

• [2021] Nova-C Commercial Lunar Payload Service

• [2022?] VIPER (Volatiles Investigation Polae Exploration Rover)

• [2024] Luna 25 / Luna-Glob

• [2023] Hakuto-R

• > SUN - EARTH LAGRANGIAN POINTS:

• [2021] JWST James Webb Space Telescope

• [2022] Euclid dark matter / energy space telescope

• [2024] IMAP (Inters. Mapping and Acceleration Probe)

• [2025] WFIRST (Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope)

• [2026] PLATO (Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars)

• [2028] ARIEL (Atm. Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey)

• [2028] Athena

• [2035?] LUVOIR (Large UV Optical Infrared Surveyor)

• [2036?] Breakthrough Starshot

• > HELIOCENTRIC:

• [2034] eLISA (Evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna)

• > VENUS:

• [2025] Venera-D orbiter, balloons & lander

• > MARS:

• [2020] Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission

• [2020] Mars Hope orbiter

• [2022] ExoMars/Rosalind Franklin rover

• [2024] MMX (Martian Moons Explorer]

• > ASTEROIDS & COMETS:

• [2021] DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test)

• [2021] Lucy

• [2022] Psyche

• [2023] AIDA (Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment)

• [2028] Comet Interceptor

• > MERCURY:

• > JUPITER:

• [2022] Europa Clipper

• [2022] JUICE Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer

• [2024] Europa Lander

• > SATURN

• [2026] Dragonfly

• > INTERSTELLAR:

• Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California

• Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards Air Force Base, California

• Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio

• Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

• Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California

• John C. Stennis Space Center, Hancock County, Mississippi

• Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida

• Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

• Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas

• Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama

• Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia

• Allen Telescope Array, California

• ANTARES Neutrino Telescope, Mediterranean Sea

• Arecebo Observatory, Puerto Rico

• Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), Chile

• Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO), Australia

• Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope (BDUNT), Russia

• Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), California

• Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Hawaii

• Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT), Mediterranean Sea

• Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, Hawaii

• Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), BC Canada

• European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), Chile

• European Solar Telescope (EST), Canary Islands

• Gemini South, Chile

• Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), Chile

• Gillett / Gemini North, Hawaii

• Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), La Palma

• GREGOR Solar Telescope, Canary Islands

• IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Antarctica

• Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO), India

• Keck I and II Telescopes, Hawaii

• Kitt Peak National Observatory, Arizona

• Large Binocular Telescope, Arizona

• Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), Chile

• Large Zenith Telescope, BC Canada

• LOw Frequency Radio Array (LOFAR), the Netherlands

• McMath–Pierce solar telescope, Arizona

• New Technology Telescope, Chile

• Nordic Optical Telescope, La Palma

• South African Large Telescope (SALT), South Africa

• South Pole Telescope (SPT), Antarctica

• Square Kilometre Array (SKA)

• Subaru Telescope, Hawaii

• Swedish Solar Telescope (SST), La Palma

• Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), Hawaii

• University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO), Chile

• Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), Arizona

• Very Large Telescope (VLT), Chile

• Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)

• Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA), Chile

• William Herschel Telescope, La Palma

• List of Radio Telescopes

• Ars Technica

• Astronomy FM

• Encyclopedia of Science

• Impact Calculator

• Impact Earth

• MUFON.com

• NASA Science

• NUFORC.org

• SETI Institute

• Solar System Exploration

• Solar System Simulator

• Star Talk radio

• Windows To The Universe

Upcoming Planetary Events and Missions

2020 July 11 - Parker Solar Probe - NASA solar mission makes third Venus flyby
2020 July 17 - Mars 2020 - Launch of NASA Mars rover
2020 July - Hope - Launch of United Arab Emirates Mars orbiter
2020 July - Huoxing 1 - Launch of Chinese Mars rover and orbiter
2020 August - OSIRIS-Rex - Sample collection from asteroid Bennu
2020 December - Hayabusa2 - Japanese asteroid Ryugu sampling mission returns to Earth
2020 December 26 - Solar Orbiter - ESA solar mission makes first Venus flyby
2020 Late - Chang'e 5 - Launch of Chinese lunar sample return mission

2021 February 20 - Parker Solar Probe - NASA solar mission makes fourth Venus flyby
2021 July - Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) - Launch of NASA impactor to binary asteroid Didymos
2021 August 8 - Solar Orbiter - ESA solar mission makes second Venus flyby
2021 October 16 - Lucy - Launch of NASA flyby mission to multiple Trojan asteroids
2021 October 16 - Parker Solar Probe - NASA solar mission makes fifth Venus flyby

2022 June - JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) - Launch of ESA mission to the Jupiter system
2022 July - Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) - Launch of South Korean mission to the Moon
2022 August - Psyche - Launch of orbiter mission to main belt asteroid 16 Psyche
2022 September 3 - Solar Orbiter - ESA solar mission makes third Venus flyby
2022 - ExoMars 2022 - Launch of ESA Mars rover and Russian surface platform

2023 August 21 - Parker Solar Probe - NASA solar mission makes sixth Venus flyby
2023 September - OSIRIS-Rex - Returns to Earth with sample of asteroid Bennu
2023-2024 - Chang'e 6 - Launch of Chinese lunar sample return mission
2023-2025 - Europa Clipper - Launch of NASA Jupiter Orbiter to study Europa
TBD - Chang'e 7 - Launch of Chinese lunar survey mission
TBD - Chang'e 8 - Launch of Chinese lunar technology test

2029 April 13 - Asteroid Apophis passes Earth at an altitude of 32,000 km

2231 April 5 - Pluto - is passed by Neptune in distance from the Sun for the next 20 years

4,000,000 - Pioneer 11 - NASA flyby of star Lambda Aquila